Understanding Cardinal Behavior: Why They Fly into Glass and How to Help Them
- For The Birds
- Jan 16
- 4 min read
Cardinals are among the most beloved birds in North America. Their bright red plumage and melodic songs make them a favorite for bird watchers and nature lovers. Yet, many people notice a troubling behavior: cardinals often fly into glass windows or doors, sometimes with fatal consequences. This puzzling and heartbreaking phenomenon raises questions about why cardinals do this and what we can do to prevent it.
This post explores the reasons behind cardinals’ attraction to reflective surfaces, explains why they collide with glass, and offers practical tips to help these birds navigate safely around our homes. By understanding their behavior, we can better protect cardinals and enjoy their presence without harm.
Why Do Cardinals Fly into Glass?
Birds flying into windows is a widespread problem, and cardinals are no exception. The main reasons cardinals fly into glass include:
Reflection and Illusion of Open Space
Windows often reflect the sky, trees, or other natural surroundings. To a cardinal, this reflection looks like an extension of its habitat—a clear path to fly through or a place to perch. When the bird tries to reach this “open space,” it crashes into the glass.
Territorial Behavior
Cardinals are highly territorial, especially during breeding season. They see their reflection in the glass as a rival bird invading their territory. In an attempt to chase away the intruder, the cardinal repeatedly attacks the window, leading to undue stress, injury or death.
Confusion from Transparent Surfaces
Glass doors or large windows can be transparent, allowing birds to see indoor plants, lights, or even the other side of the house. Cardinals may try to fly through these spaces, not realizing a solid barrier exists.
The Impact of Window Collisions on Cardinals
Bird-window collisions cause millions of bird deaths annually in North America. Cardinals, with their territorial nature and bright colors, are particularly vulnerable. These collisions can result in:
Broken wings or legs
Head injuries
Fatal trauma
Even if a cardinal survives a collision, it may suffer long-term effects that reduce its chances of survival in the wild. If you find a collision-injured Cardinal or any injured bird, contact a permitted avian wildlife rehabilitator as soon as possible.
How to Help Cardinals Avoid Flying into Glass
Fortunately, there are effective ways to reduce the risk of window collisions and protect cardinals around your home.
Use Window Decals or Stickers
Applying decals or stickers on the outside of windows breaks up reflections and makes the glass visible to birds. Some tips for decals:
Place decals close together, no more than 2 to 4 inches apart horizontally or 4 inches vertically.
Use patterns that cover a large portion of the glass.
Choose decals designed specifically for bird safety.
Install External Screens
Screens placed outside windows create a physical barrier that cushions any impact. This method is especially useful for large glass doors or patio windows.
Close Curtains or Blinds When Possible
Closing curtains or blinds reduces transparency and reflection, making windows less confusing for birds.
Move Indoor Plants Away from Windows
Indoor plants near windows can attract birds, making them think the space is safe to enter. Relocating plants reduces this risk. Opt instead for placing plants outside near the window to reduce reflection and form a barrier.
The key is to interrupt the reflection, making the glass visible as a solid surface to birds, not just a continuation of the outdoors.
Use Bird-Friendly Glass or Films
Some manufacturers offer glass or films designed to reduce reflections and improve bird safety. These options may be worth considering for new construction or window replacement. Use this link for a Bird-Friendly Home Toolkit
Encouraging Safe Observation and Appreciation of Cardinals
Cardinals enrich our outdoor spaces and provide joy to many. Observing them safely requires awareness and care. Here are some ways to enjoy cardinals while keeping them safe:
Set up bird feeders and water sources away from windows.
Use binoculars or cameras to watch cardinals from a distance.
Educate neighbors and community members about bird-window collisions.
Participate in local bird conservation efforts.
By taking simple steps, we can create a safer environment for cardinals and other birds, ensuring they continue to thrive near our homes.
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